Books

How is one “authentically” modern? Substantively drawing on contemporary social theory, this book inverstigates the multiplicity of answers that Muslims have given to this question since the end of the nineteenth century. Through six historical and thematic case studies, the author examines the historical evolution of multiple modernities within Islam. The book argues that we can observe the rise and spread of a relatively hegemonic idea according to which the relation to Islamic traditions bestows projects of Muslim modernities with cultural authenticity. At the same time, it provides an interpretation of this specifically Islamic discourse of modernity as an inherent part of global modernity in conceptual terms understood as the ergence of world society.

Jung, Dietrich. Islamic Modernities in World Society. The Rise, Spread, and Fragmentation of an Hegemonic Idea. Edinburgh Studies of the Globalised Muslim World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2023.

Ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Religiösem und Säkularem – d.h. Säkularität – wirklich eine Eigenheit der westlichen Moderne, wie oft behauptet wird? Oder gibt es auch in vormodernen Gesellschaften Asiens vergleichbare Unterscheidungen? Dieser Band geht anhand von zehn Beispielen dieser Frage nach. Dabei wird deutlich, dass auch in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte analoge binäre Unterscheidungen in verschiedenen kulturspezifischen Varianten nachweisbar sind. Diese wirken bis heute nach und begründen eine globale Vielfalt von Säkularitäten, die nicht einfach als Varianten eines europäischen Modells betrachtet werden können.

Deeg, Max, Oliver Freiberger, Christoph Kleine, and Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz, eds. Grenzen der Religion: Säkularität in der Asiatischen Religionsgeschichte. Critical Studies in Religion/Religionswissenschaft 107. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2023.

The workshop saw the presentation of eighteen papers, addressing the foregoing and related questions. One third of these papers were devel-oped into contributions to this special issue. Whilst certainly not an arbitrary selection, they are a contingent reflection of the discussions in our workshop, insofar as several other contributions did not come to be included in this issue due to constraints of time. A central dimension that came to be largely absent concerns the institutional presence of scientific approaches to religion in different regional and national contexts, not least China, India, Japan, and Latin America. For researchers working on these, the reader may be directed to the overall programme of the work-shop, from which the foregoing quote is taken and which is still visible online, including the abstracts of all contributions.

Zemmin, Florian, ed. "Global Perspectives on Religion as an Object of Historical and Social Scientific Study." Special issue, Implicit Religion 24, no. 3–4 (2023).

The history of religion is always a history of translation, too. When religious speech is transcribed, holy scripture is created – sacred writings that are considered to apply to everyone. Translating holy writings in order to spread one’s own religion poses major challenges for translators, such as how to bridge the often considerable gaps between source and target languages. Sometimes the languages belong to different language families. Sometimes the original language is extinct and knowledge of it is hazy. In some religious traditions, a particular language or register is reserved for holy scripture, and adherents may regard the translation of their holy book into a vernacular as reprehensible. Another challenge is posed by the wide range of writing systems and alphabets used to represent the plethora of languages past and present. Note that translation is not limited to the written word, for religious images are also ‘translated’ when they are transposed into a new context.
Equally, some writers put holy words in the mouths of certain authority figures, using a form of creative ‘translation’ to publicise a particular religious interpretation and claim its legitimacy. Another kind of translation takes place between different media, one especially popular form being the translation of knowledge and information gained from images into texts and vice versa.
In this catalogue, researchers from various disciplines use examples to explore translation shifts between oral and written texts, between literature and religion, between schools of the same religion, between different religious traditions, and, finally, between academia and religion. The exhibition Translated Religion is also intended as a showcase of current scholarly efforts to ‘translate’ historical texts and images from the holdings of Leipzig University Library into an intelligible form for visitors.

Katja Triplett, ed. Translated Religion: In a Forest of True Words, translated by Chris Abbey, with contributions by Thandi Allen. Exhibition Catalogue. Schriften aus der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 53. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag Leipzig, 2023.

This book is about the concept of recognition and the discussion of its meaning, connotations, and its strong presence in contemporary (Western) philosophy on the one hand and in Arab reality and thought on the other. On this basis, this book contains a theoretical approach to the issue of recognition and related ideas (such as justice, tolerance, and human rights) and policies and/or approaches (such as identity politics and the culturalist and/or racist approach). On this basis, this book's critical examination of the close and negative connection of recognition theory with identity politics parallels and overlaps with the critical examination of the culturalist approach, which interprets "everything" in (Muslims) society and the state with the prevailing culture there.

Darwish, Housamedden. On the Philosophy of Recognition and Identity Politics: Critique of the Culturalist Approach to Arab Islamic Culture. Beirut & al-Sharjah: Mominoun without Borders, 2023.

Das Handbuch Religionskunde in Deutschland analysiert nicht-konfessionellen religionsbezogenen Unterricht in der Schule aus religionswissenschaftlicher Sicht. Die für diesen Unterricht essentielle säkulare religionskundliche Perspektive wird einleitend mit ihren inhaltlichen und strukturellen Konsequenzen beschrieben und von religiösen und interreligiösen Perspektiven abgegrenzt. Darauf aufbauend wird die Lage der Religionskunde in Deutschland in systematisch-vergleichenden, historischen und bundeslandspezifischen Kapiteln mit Blick auf die sich wandelnden Kontexte und Dynamiken von staatlichem Neutralitätsanspruch, Religionsfreiheit, Gesetzgebung und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen analysiert. Hierbei wird konsequent die religiös unabhängige religionskundliche Perspektive („learning about religion") im Kontext der jeweiligen bildungspolitischen Diskurse fokussiert. Die Analyse von Religionskunde in ausführlichen Kapiteln über alle 16 Bundesländer zeigt, dass Religionskunde im deutschen Schulsystem weitgehend eine Leerstelle darstellt, obwohl die Relevanz des Themas bildungspolitisch durchgehend betont wird. Hier zeigt das Handbuch Handlungsbedarf bezüglich der Implementierung und religionswissenschaftlichen Fundierung von Religionskunde.

Alberts, Wanda, Horst Junginger, Katharina Neef, and Christina Wöstemeyer, eds. Handbuch Religionskunde in Deutschland. De Gruyter Praxishandbuch. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2023.

This book combines sociological theorising with studies on the Middle East and Islam. The diversity of modernities that can be observed in our world is linked to the claim of living in a global modernity, in a world society. The book underpins this claim with numerous excursions into Islamic history. It criticises the view that modernisation can be equated with westernisation and considers different projects of specifically Islamic modernities as integral parts of world society. From this perspective, the study contributes to the "provincialisation" of European history in contemporary social scientific thought. Contrary to the theories of postcolonialism associated with the call for the provincialisation of Europe, however, this book adheres to essential traditions of classical sociology. It thus aims to make a contribution to the social theoretical discussion on modernity, which is empirically underpinned with the help of data from the history of the Middle East and Islam. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Jung, Dietrich. Islam in Global Modernity: Sociological Theory and the Diversity of Islamic Modernities. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, 2023.

India's collective ethical identity is under duress. We don't seem to currently agree on what our collective good is. Some groups believe that India is finally rediscovering its Hindu identity and becoming a great nation-state. For others, this change has brought us on the verge of losing our civilisational character of being inclusive but not any less Hindu. Is it possible to bring these groups with divergent views to discuss each other's point of view? And do so reasonably, with an open mind? Rajeev Bhargava thinks it is. He believes that the legitimate concerns of all those disenchanted with the idea of an inclusive, pluralist India can actually be addressed within the basic framework of India's constitutional democracy. Through these short, elegant and lucid reflections on contemporary events, he takes the readers to the founding narrative of the republic and clarifies its ethical ideals. Readers are asked to join the process of reflection, to criticise with empathy, particularly where the moral compass to properly guide individual and collective action is lost and offer positive appraisals where due. If we get the fundamentals of our original ethical vision right, then, Bhargava subtly suggests, we might yet save our country from further polarisation and may even heal some of its divisions.

Bhargava, Rajeev. Between Hope and Despair: 100 Ethical Reflections on Contemporary India. New Delhi: Bloomsbury India, 2022. 

The rise of China and India could be the most important political development of the twenty-first century. What will the foreign policies of China and India look like in the future? What should they look like? And what can each country learn from the other? Bridging Two Worlds gathers a coterie of experts in the field, analyzing profound political thinkers from these ancient regions whose theories of interstate relations set the terms for the debates today. This volume is the first work of its kind and is essential reading for anyone interested in the growth of China and India and what it means for the rest of the world.

Acharya, Amitav, Daniel A. Bell, Rajeev Bhargava, and Yan Xuetong, eds. Bridging Two Worlds: Comparing Classical Political Thought and Statecraft in India and China. California: Universtiy of California Press, 2023.

Global Sceptical Publics is the first major study of the significance of different media for the (re)production of non-religious publics and publicity. While much work has documented how religious subjectivities are shaped by media, until now the crucial role of diverse media for producing and participating in religion-sceptical publics and debates has remained under-researched. With some chapters focusing on locations hitherto barely considered by scholarship on non-religion, the book places in comparative perspective how atheists, secularists and humanists engage with media – as means of communication and forming non-religious publics, but also on occasion as something to be resisted. Its conceptually rich interdisciplinary chapters thereby contribute important new insights to the growing field of non-religion studies and to scholarship on media and materiality more generally.

Copeman, Jacob, and Mascha Schulz, eds. Global Sceptical Publics: From Non-Religious Print Media to ‘Digital Atheism'. London: UCL Press, 2022.

The presence of Islam in Europe is accompanied by contradictory dynamics. While on the one hand institutions are gradually accommodating Muslim demands and vice versa, on the other hand tendencies of Islamist and anti-Muslim radicalisation are reinforcing each other.
In addition to analyses of institutionalisation processes that entail modes of a new normality, this volume offers contributions on political Islam, anti-Muslim policies as well as on social negotiations on conflict and integration. Finally, scholarly and literary reflections are examined with regard to their normative underpinnings. The volume brings together contributions from sociologists, Islamic scholars and literary scholars.

Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika, and Levent Tezcan, eds. "Islam in Europa: Institutionalisierung und Konflikt." Special issue, Soziale Welt 25 (2022).

This volume brings together contributions that, from different disciplinary perspectives, highlight certain aspects and problems related to the configuration of the relationship between the religious and the secular in Japan. In the background stands the question of the historical path dependencies that lead to the formation of a specifically Japanese secularity. Based on the assumption that existing epistemic and social structures shape the way in which Western concepts of secularism were appropriated, the individual case studies demonstrate that the culturally specific appropriation of Western regulatory principles such as secularism has created problems that are of political relevance in contemporary Japan.

Dessì, Ugo, and Christoph Kleine, eds. Secularities in Japan. Leiden: Brill, 2022.

Using digital keyword search method from the perspective of conceptual history, this sourcebook systemically traces the appearance of the 18th-century neologism “Huimin” (roughly translated as “Muslim subjects”) in the Chinese historical imperial court record – the Veritable Records of the Qing 《清實錄》. The appearance of “Huimin” in the official Qing court history testifies to the imperial efforts to legitimize the incorporation of Muslims into the empire while maintaining a distinction of these subjects’ unique communal identity, i.e., them being Muslims. This ambiguous conceptualization of Muslims as “us” in the legal-political sense but “them” in the cultural sense had repercussions on the “ethnicization” of Muslimness in China from the 19^th century to these days. While the high Qing emperors, in various instances, issued edicts favoring the treatment of Muslims in the former sense as legitimate subjects of the empire, their Confucian bureaucrats contested and regarded Muslims as constant suspects of heterodoxy – thus, elements of instability. In other instances, the emperors resorted to delimiting Islamic practices such as cattle slaughter by arguing with economic rationales; nor were they able to go beyond the orthodox/heterodox binary when discussing measures in pacifying different uprisings involving Muslims in the late 18^th century. In these imperial discourses, “Huimin” was further juxtaposed with conceptual distinctions along geography, ethnicity, language, and Islamic institutions (Sufi orders or not). By following the concept of “Huimin,” the sourcebook illuminates how Muslims were subjugated to Qing imperial rule and, in turn, participated in the very dynamics that kept reshaping the imperial governance. These dynamics included Eurasian early modern imperial struggles, transregional migration and (religious) knowledge circulation, regional economy, politics, and the construction of state orthodoxy and imperial local indirect rule. The conceptual history of “Huimin” will shed new light on the distinction and entanglement of Islam in Qing China with imperial (geo)politics together with the material/social processes and conditions that enabled this history.

Hung Tak Wai, Wong Ting Chueng, and Lee Yee Lak Elliot, eds. Huimin (Muslim Subjects): Pre-1800 Historical Sources about the Qing Empire and Islam in the Veritable Records of the Qing [「回民」──《清實錄》所載1800年前大清帝國與伊斯蘭教史料彙編]. Hong Kong: Centre for the Study of Islam Culture, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2022.

Given the popularity and success of the Hindu-Right in India's electoral politics today, how may one study ostensibly 'Western' concepts and ideas, such as the secular and its family of cognates, like secularism, secularisation and secularity in non-Western societies without assuming them simply as derivative, or colonial legacies or contrast cases of Western societies? While recognizing that the dominant language of political modernity of Western societies is not easily translatable in non-Western societies, The Secular Imaginary elaborates upon an intellectual history of secularity in modern India by focusing on the two most influential political leaders – M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. It is an intellectual history of both idea(s) and intellectuals, which sheds light on Indian narratives of secularity – the Gandhian sarva dharma samabhava, Nehruvian secularism, and unity in diversity. It revisits this dominant narrative of secularity of the twentieth century that influenced and shaped the imagination of the modern nation-state.

Nath, Sushmita. The Secular Imaginary: Gandhi, Nehru and the Idea(s) of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.

Hind Swaraj by Mahatma Gandhi is arguably the greatest text to have emerged from the anti-colonial movement in India and the first to seriously challenge the cultural and civilizational premises of the colonizers’ mentality. It is also the first text in India that falls within the broad tradition of modern political philosophy, advancing a complex cluster of theses with conceptual sensitivity, analytical precision, and sustained argument. This book critically engages with Hind Swaraj and explores the fascinating and subtle dialogue set up by Gandhi between the characters of the reader and the editor. With essays from leading contemporary thinkers on Gandhi, the volume looks at themes such as Gandhi on epistemic servitude, decolonization, and intercultural translation; his complex critique of modern civilization; his views on the empire, democracy, citizenship, and violence; the normative structure of Gandhian thought; Gandhi and the political praxis of educational reconstruction; and how to read this text. An important intervention in Gandhian studies, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of peace studies, political philosophy, Indian philosophy, Indian political thought, political sociology, and South Asian studies.

Bhargava, Rajeev, ed. Politics, Ethics and the Self: Re-reading Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj. London: Routledge India, 2022.

This book presents the welfare regime of China as a liminal space where religious and state authorities struggle for legitimacy as new social forces emerge. It offers a unique analysis of relations between religion and state in the People’s Republic of China by presenting how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tries to harness Buddhist resources to assist in the delivery of social services and sheds light on the intermingling of Buddhism and the state since 1949. This book will appeal to academics in social sciences and humanities and broader audiences interested in the social role of religions, charity, NGOs, and in social policy implementation. The author explores why the CCP turns to Buddhist followers and their leaders and presents a detailed view of Buddhist philanthropy, contextualized with an historical overview, a regional comparative perspective, and a review of policy debates. This book contributes to our understanding of secularity in a major non-Western society influenced by religions other than Christianity.

Laliberté, André. Religion and China's Welfare Regimes: Buddhist Philanthropy and the State. Religion and Society in Asia Pacific. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.

How is one “authentically” modern? Substantively drawing on contemporary social theory, this book inverstigates the multiplicity of answers that Muslims have given to this question since the end of the nineteenth century. Through six historical and thematic case studies, the author examines the historical evolution of multiple modernities within Islam. The book argues that we can observe the rise and spread of a relatively hegemonic idea according to which the relation to Islamic traditions bestows projects of Muslim modernities with cultural authenticity. At the same time, it provides an interpretation of this specifically Islamic discourse of modernity as an inherent part of global modernity in conceptual terms understood as the ergence of world society.

Jung, Dietrich. Islamic Modernities in World Society. The Rise, Spread, and Fragmentation of an Hegemonic Idea. Edinburgh Studies of the Globalised Muslim World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2023.

Ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Religiösem und Säkularem – d.h. Säkularität – wirklich eine Eigenheit der westlichen Moderne, wie oft behauptet wird? Oder gibt es auch in vormodernen Gesellschaften Asiens vergleichbare Unterscheidungen? Dieser Band geht anhand von zehn Beispielen dieser Frage nach. Dabei wird deutlich, dass auch in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte analoge binäre Unterscheidungen in verschiedenen kulturspezifischen Varianten nachweisbar sind. Diese wirken bis heute nach und begründen eine globale Vielfalt von Säkularitäten, die nicht einfach als Varianten eines europäischen Modells betrachtet werden können.

Deeg, Max, Oliver Freiberger, Christoph Kleine, and Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz, eds. Grenzen der Religion: Säkularität in der Asiatischen Religionsgeschichte. Critical Studies in Religion/Religionswissenschaft 107. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2023.

The workshop saw the presentation of eighteen papers, addressing the foregoing and related questions. One third of these papers were devel-oped into contributions to this special issue. Whilst certainly not an arbitrary selection, they are a contingent reflection of the discussions in our workshop, insofar as several other contributions did not come to be included in this issue due to constraints of time. A central dimension that came to be largely absent concerns the institutional presence of scientific approaches to religion in different regional and national contexts, not least China, India, Japan, and Latin America. For researchers working on these, the reader may be directed to the overall programme of the work-shop, from which the foregoing quote is taken and which is still visible online, including the abstracts of all contributions.

Zemmin, Florian, ed. "Global Perspectives on Religion as an Object of Historical and Social Scientific Study." Special issue, Implicit Religion 24, no. 3–4 (2023).

The history of religion is always a history of translation, too. When religious speech is transcribed, holy scripture is created – sacred writings that are considered to apply to everyone. Translating holy writings in order to spread one’s own religion poses major challenges for translators, such as how to bridge the often considerable gaps between source and target languages. Sometimes the languages belong to different language families. Sometimes the original language is extinct and knowledge of it is hazy. In some religious traditions, a particular language or register is reserved for holy scripture, and adherents may regard the translation of their holy book into a vernacular as reprehensible. Another challenge is posed by the wide range of writing systems and alphabets used to represent the plethora of languages past and present. Note that translation is not limited to the written word, for religious images are also ‘translated’ when they are transposed into a new context.
Equally, some writers put holy words in the mouths of certain authority figures, using a form of creative ‘translation’ to publicise a particular religious interpretation and claim its legitimacy. Another kind of translation takes place between different media, one especially popular form being the translation of knowledge and information gained from images into texts and vice versa.
In this catalogue, researchers from various disciplines use examples to explore translation shifts between oral and written texts, between literature and religion, between schools of the same religion, between different religious traditions, and, finally, between academia and religion. The exhibition Translated Religion is also intended as a showcase of current scholarly efforts to ‘translate’ historical texts and images from the holdings of Leipzig University Library into an intelligible form for visitors.

Katja Triplett, ed. Translated Religion: In a Forest of True Words, translated by Chris Abbey, with contributions by Thandi Allen. Exhibition Catalogue. Schriften aus der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 53. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag Leipzig, 2023.

This book is about the concept of recognition and the discussion of its meaning, connotations, and its strong presence in contemporary (Western) philosophy on the one hand and in Arab reality and thought on the other. On this basis, this book contains a theoretical approach to the issue of recognition and related ideas (such as justice, tolerance, and human rights) and policies and/or approaches (such as identity politics and the culturalist and/or racist approach). On this basis, this book's critical examination of the close and negative connection of recognition theory with identity politics parallels and overlaps with the critical examination of the culturalist approach, which interprets "everything" in (Muslims) society and the state with the prevailing culture there.

Darwish, Housamedden. On the Philosophy of Recognition and Identity Politics: Critique of the Culturalist Approach to Arab Islamic Culture. Beirut & al-Sharjah: Mominoun without Borders, 2023.

Das Handbuch Religionskunde in Deutschland analysiert nicht-konfessionellen religionsbezogenen Unterricht in der Schule aus religionswissenschaftlicher Sicht. Die für diesen Unterricht essentielle säkulare religionskundliche Perspektive wird einleitend mit ihren inhaltlichen und strukturellen Konsequenzen beschrieben und von religiösen und interreligiösen Perspektiven abgegrenzt. Darauf aufbauend wird die Lage der Religionskunde in Deutschland in systematisch-vergleichenden, historischen und bundeslandspezifischen Kapiteln mit Blick auf die sich wandelnden Kontexte und Dynamiken von staatlichem Neutralitätsanspruch, Religionsfreiheit, Gesetzgebung und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen analysiert. Hierbei wird konsequent die religiös unabhängige religionskundliche Perspektive („learning about religion") im Kontext der jeweiligen bildungspolitischen Diskurse fokussiert. Die Analyse von Religionskunde in ausführlichen Kapiteln über alle 16 Bundesländer zeigt, dass Religionskunde im deutschen Schulsystem weitgehend eine Leerstelle darstellt, obwohl die Relevanz des Themas bildungspolitisch durchgehend betont wird. Hier zeigt das Handbuch Handlungsbedarf bezüglich der Implementierung und religionswissenschaftlichen Fundierung von Religionskunde.

Alberts, Wanda, Horst Junginger, Katharina Neef, and Christina Wöstemeyer, eds. Handbuch Religionskunde in Deutschland. De Gruyter Praxishandbuch. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2023.

This book combines sociological theorising with studies on the Middle East and Islam. The diversity of modernities that can be observed in our world is linked to the claim of living in a global modernity, in a world society. The book underpins this claim with numerous excursions into Islamic history. It criticises the view that modernisation can be equated with westernisation and considers different projects of specifically Islamic modernities as integral parts of world society. From this perspective, the study contributes to the "provincialisation" of European history in contemporary social scientific thought. Contrary to the theories of postcolonialism associated with the call for the provincialisation of Europe, however, this book adheres to essential traditions of classical sociology. It thus aims to make a contribution to the social theoretical discussion on modernity, which is empirically underpinned with the help of data from the history of the Middle East and Islam. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Jung, Dietrich. Islam in Global Modernity: Sociological Theory and the Diversity of Islamic Modernities. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, 2023.

India's collective ethical identity is under duress. We don't seem to currently agree on what our collective good is. Some groups believe that India is finally rediscovering its Hindu identity and becoming a great nation-state. For others, this change has brought us on the verge of losing our civilisational character of being inclusive but not any less Hindu. Is it possible to bring these groups with divergent views to discuss each other's point of view? And do so reasonably, with an open mind? Rajeev Bhargava thinks it is. He believes that the legitimate concerns of all those disenchanted with the idea of an inclusive, pluralist India can actually be addressed within the basic framework of India's constitutional democracy. Through these short, elegant and lucid reflections on contemporary events, he takes the readers to the founding narrative of the republic and clarifies its ethical ideals. Readers are asked to join the process of reflection, to criticise with empathy, particularly where the moral compass to properly guide individual and collective action is lost and offer positive appraisals where due. If we get the fundamentals of our original ethical vision right, then, Bhargava subtly suggests, we might yet save our country from further polarisation and may even heal some of its divisions.

Bhargava, Rajeev. Between Hope and Despair: 100 Ethical Reflections on Contemporary India. New Delhi: Bloomsbury India, 2022. 

The rise of China and India could be the most important political development of the twenty-first century. What will the foreign policies of China and India look like in the future? What should they look like? And what can each country learn from the other? Bridging Two Worlds gathers a coterie of experts in the field, analyzing profound political thinkers from these ancient regions whose theories of interstate relations set the terms for the debates today. This volume is the first work of its kind and is essential reading for anyone interested in the growth of China and India and what it means for the rest of the world.

Acharya, Amitav, Daniel A. Bell, Rajeev Bhargava, and Yan Xuetong, eds. Bridging Two Worlds: Comparing Classical Political Thought and Statecraft in India and China. California: Universtiy of California Press, 2023.

Global Sceptical Publics is the first major study of the significance of different media for the (re)production of non-religious publics and publicity. While much work has documented how religious subjectivities are shaped by media, until now the crucial role of diverse media for producing and participating in religion-sceptical publics and debates has remained under-researched. With some chapters focusing on locations hitherto barely considered by scholarship on non-religion, the book places in comparative perspective how atheists, secularists and humanists engage with media – as means of communication and forming non-religious publics, but also on occasion as something to be resisted. Its conceptually rich interdisciplinary chapters thereby contribute important new insights to the growing field of non-religion studies and to scholarship on media and materiality more generally.

Copeman, Jacob, and Mascha Schulz, eds. Global Sceptical Publics: From Non-Religious Print Media to ‘Digital Atheism'. London: UCL Press, 2022.

The presence of Islam in Europe is accompanied by contradictory dynamics. While on the one hand institutions are gradually accommodating Muslim demands and vice versa, on the other hand tendencies of Islamist and anti-Muslim radicalisation are reinforcing each other.
In addition to analyses of institutionalisation processes that entail modes of a new normality, this volume offers contributions on political Islam, anti-Muslim policies as well as on social negotiations on conflict and integration. Finally, scholarly and literary reflections are examined with regard to their normative underpinnings. The volume brings together contributions from sociologists, Islamic scholars and literary scholars.

Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika, and Levent Tezcan, eds. "Islam in Europa: Institutionalisierung und Konflikt." Special issue, Soziale Welt 25 (2022).

This volume brings together contributions that, from different disciplinary perspectives, highlight certain aspects and problems related to the configuration of the relationship between the religious and the secular in Japan. In the background stands the question of the historical path dependencies that lead to the formation of a specifically Japanese secularity. Based on the assumption that existing epistemic and social structures shape the way in which Western concepts of secularism were appropriated, the individual case studies demonstrate that the culturally specific appropriation of Western regulatory principles such as secularism has created problems that are of political relevance in contemporary Japan.

Dessì, Ugo, and Christoph Kleine, eds. Secularities in Japan. Leiden: Brill, 2022.

Using digital keyword search method from the perspective of conceptual history, this sourcebook systemically traces the appearance of the 18th-century neologism “Huimin” (roughly translated as “Muslim subjects”) in the Chinese historical imperial court record – the Veritable Records of the Qing 《清實錄》. The appearance of “Huimin” in the official Qing court history testifies to the imperial efforts to legitimize the incorporation of Muslims into the empire while maintaining a distinction of these subjects’ unique communal identity, i.e., them being Muslims. This ambiguous conceptualization of Muslims as “us” in the legal-political sense but “them” in the cultural sense had repercussions on the “ethnicization” of Muslimness in China from the 19^th century to these days. While the high Qing emperors, in various instances, issued edicts favoring the treatment of Muslims in the former sense as legitimate subjects of the empire, their Confucian bureaucrats contested and regarded Muslims as constant suspects of heterodoxy – thus, elements of instability. In other instances, the emperors resorted to delimiting Islamic practices such as cattle slaughter by arguing with economic rationales; nor were they able to go beyond the orthodox/heterodox binary when discussing measures in pacifying different uprisings involving Muslims in the late 18^th century. In these imperial discourses, “Huimin” was further juxtaposed with conceptual distinctions along geography, ethnicity, language, and Islamic institutions (Sufi orders or not). By following the concept of “Huimin,” the sourcebook illuminates how Muslims were subjugated to Qing imperial rule and, in turn, participated in the very dynamics that kept reshaping the imperial governance. These dynamics included Eurasian early modern imperial struggles, transregional migration and (religious) knowledge circulation, regional economy, politics, and the construction of state orthodoxy and imperial local indirect rule. The conceptual history of “Huimin” will shed new light on the distinction and entanglement of Islam in Qing China with imperial (geo)politics together with the material/social processes and conditions that enabled this history.

Hung Tak Wai, Wong Ting Chueng, and Lee Yee Lak Elliot, eds. Huimin (Muslim Subjects): Pre-1800 Historical Sources about the Qing Empire and Islam in the Veritable Records of the Qing [「回民」──《清實錄》所載1800年前大清帝國與伊斯蘭教史料彙編]. Hong Kong: Centre for the Study of Islam Culture, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2022.

Given the popularity and success of the Hindu-Right in India's electoral politics today, how may one study ostensibly 'Western' concepts and ideas, such as the secular and its family of cognates, like secularism, secularisation and secularity in non-Western societies without assuming them simply as derivative, or colonial legacies or contrast cases of Western societies? While recognizing that the dominant language of political modernity of Western societies is not easily translatable in non-Western societies, The Secular Imaginary elaborates upon an intellectual history of secularity in modern India by focusing on the two most influential political leaders – M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. It is an intellectual history of both idea(s) and intellectuals, which sheds light on Indian narratives of secularity – the Gandhian sarva dharma samabhava, Nehruvian secularism, and unity in diversity. It revisits this dominant narrative of secularity of the twentieth century that influenced and shaped the imagination of the modern nation-state.

Nath, Sushmita. The Secular Imaginary: Gandhi, Nehru and the Idea(s) of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.

Hind Swaraj by Mahatma Gandhi is arguably the greatest text to have emerged from the anti-colonial movement in India and the first to seriously challenge the cultural and civilizational premises of the colonizers’ mentality. It is also the first text in India that falls within the broad tradition of modern political philosophy, advancing a complex cluster of theses with conceptual sensitivity, analytical precision, and sustained argument. This book critically engages with Hind Swaraj and explores the fascinating and subtle dialogue set up by Gandhi between the characters of the reader and the editor. With essays from leading contemporary thinkers on Gandhi, the volume looks at themes such as Gandhi on epistemic servitude, decolonization, and intercultural translation; his complex critique of modern civilization; his views on the empire, democracy, citizenship, and violence; the normative structure of Gandhian thought; Gandhi and the political praxis of educational reconstruction; and how to read this text. An important intervention in Gandhian studies, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of peace studies, political philosophy, Indian philosophy, Indian political thought, political sociology, and South Asian studies.

Bhargava, Rajeev, ed. Politics, Ethics and the Self: Re-reading Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj. London: Routledge India, 2022.

This book presents the welfare regime of China as a liminal space where religious and state authorities struggle for legitimacy as new social forces emerge. It offers a unique analysis of relations between religion and state in the People’s Republic of China by presenting how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tries to harness Buddhist resources to assist in the delivery of social services and sheds light on the intermingling of Buddhism and the state since 1949. This book will appeal to academics in social sciences and humanities and broader audiences interested in the social role of religions, charity, NGOs, and in social policy implementation. The author explores why the CCP turns to Buddhist followers and their leaders and presents a detailed view of Buddhist philanthropy, contextualized with an historical overview, a regional comparative perspective, and a review of policy debates. This book contributes to our understanding of secularity in a major non-Western society influenced by religions other than Christianity.

Laliberté, André. Religion and China's Welfare Regimes: Buddhist Philanthropy and the State. Religion and Society in Asia Pacific. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.